ABSTRACT
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in many countries worldwide and breast lesions remain a common diagnostic dilemma. Fine-needle aspiration cytology [FNAC] has been suggested as the most important, first line, minimally invasive procedure in the management of patients with breast lesions. The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic efficacy of breast FNAC in patients with breast lesions compared with that of the definitive histological diagnosis. This is a hospital-based retrospective study of 112 breast FNAC samples were carried out at Cancer Institute in Medani Gezira state. FNAC findings were correlated with data from histopathology records to determine the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC. Age group of the patients ranged from 26 to 80 years with mean of 42 years. Among the study subjects [112 case], ductal carcinoma is the common hitological linding 83/88 [94%]. According to the cytology, 79% were malignant, 4% were benign and 2% were suspicious. Histological correlation was done in 68 cases. The overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 92.3%, with sensitivity and specificity of 89.2% and 66.5% respectively. FNAC of breast is asimple, cost effective and less traumatic method for diagnosing breast cancer. It is highly sensitive and accurate, and can reduce the needs for open biopsies. It is recommended that FNAC should be used as a first line method for determining the nature of breast lumps
ABSTRACT
To determine the concentrations of serum parathyroid hormone [PTH] and bone minerals and their association before and after hemodialysis. A cross sectional study was done on patients with end-stage renal disease [ESRD] on treatment with maintenance hemodialysis [HD]. Levels of serum calcium, phosphate, urea, creatinine, albumin, and intact parathormone [iPTH] were measured. The total number of patients studied was 50 [40 males; 10 females], the mean age was 40.3 +/- 26.5 years, and the average duration on hemodialysis [HD] was 53 months. Serum PTH level was significantly lower after hemodialysis treatment; it was 945.8 +/- 995.9pg/ml and 781.7 +/- 928.1 pg/ml before and after HD respectively, but still over the normal range. Serum phosphate concentration was remarkably differ before and after HD [5.59 +/- 1.8 mg/ml vs 4.38 +/- 1.2 mg/ml respectively]. In contrast, the mean value of serum calcium concentration was changed significantly after HD [6.7 +/- 1.5 mg/dl] compared with the level before HD [5.6 +/- 6.7 mg/dl]. PTH correlated positively with phosphate [r=0.30, p=0.03], and negatively with calcium [r=-0.299, p=0.04] levels. A significant decrease in serum urea and creatinine levels was reported after HD. Serum albumin showed no significant difference before and after HD. PTH was remarkably decreased post dialysis in our patients with definite increased serum Ca[+]. There is no significant difference between PTH and patient's age, sex and duration in HD Sudanese patients